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Multi-biomarker investigation to assess toxicity induced by two antidepressants on Dreissena polymorpha

TitleMulti-biomarker investigation to assess toxicity induced by two antidepressants on Dreissena polymorpha
Publication TypeArticolo su Rivista peer-reviewed
Year of Publication2017
AuthorsMagni, S., Parolini M., C. Torre Della, de Oliveira L.F., Catani M., Guzzinati Roberta, Cavazzini A., and Binelli A.
JournalScience of the Total Environment
Volume578
Pagination452-459
ISSN00489697
KeywordsAntidepressants, Biomarkers, Bivalvia, Carbonylation, cell culture, Data integration, Dreissena polymorpha, Electrophoresis, Environmental concentration, Enzymes, Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione S-transferases, Glycoproteins, Molluscs, Oxygen, Peptides, Single cell gel electrophoresis, Sub lethal effects, Superoxide dismutases, Toxicity
Abstract

Antidepressants are one of the main pharmaceutical classes detected in the aquatic environment. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of information regarding their potential adverse effects on non-target organisms. Thus, the aim of this study was the evaluation of sub-lethal effects on the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha of two antidepressants commonly found in the aquatic environment, namely Fluoxetine (FLX) and Citalopram (CT). D. polymorpha specimens were exposed to FLX and CT alone and to their mixture (MIX) at the environmental concentration of 500 ng/L for 14 days. We evaluated the sub-lethal effects in the mussel soft tissues by means of a biomarker suite: the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the activity of the phase II detoxifying enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The oxidative damage was evaluated by lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonylation (PCC), while genetic damage was tested on D. polymorpha hemocytes by Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, DNA diffusion assay and micronucleus test (MN test). Finally, the functionality of the ABC transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was measured in D. polymorpha gills. Our results highlight that CT, MIX and to a lesser extent FLX, caused a significant alteration of the oxidative status of bivalves, accompanied by a significant reduction of P-gp efflux activity. However, only FLX induced a slight, but significant, increase in apoptotic and necrotic cell frequencies. Considering the variability in biomarker response and to perform a toxicity comparison of tested molecules, we integrated each endpoint into the Biomarker Response Index (BRI). The data integration showed that 500 ng/L of FLX, CT and their MIX have the same toxicity on bivalves. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.

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URLhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85002744409&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2016.10.208&partnerID=40&md5=e32ba4e703a1f106418b3e546c2cd461
DOI10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.208
Citation KeyMagni2017452