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Seasonal variations in chemical composition and in vitro biological effects of fine PM from Milan

TitleSeasonal variations in chemical composition and in vitro biological effects of fine PM from Milan
Publication TypeArticolo su Rivista peer-reviewed
Year of Publication2010
AuthorsPerrone, M.G., Gualtieri Maurizio, Ferrero L., Porto C.L., Udisti R., Bolzacchini E., and Camatini M.
JournalChemosphere
Volume78
Pagination1368-1377
ISSN00456535
KeywordsAir pollution, Aluminum, Aromatic, arsenic, article, Barium, Biological effects, Biological properties, Biological radiation effects, Bivariate analysis, Calcium, cancer cell culture, cell assay, cell culture, Cell exposure, Cell Line, Cell Survival, cell viability, Chemical analysis, Chemical component, Chemical composition, Chemical compositions, Chemical compounds, Chemical elements, Chromium, Comet Assay, Comet assays, controlled study, Copper, Correlation coefficient, cytokine release, Cytokines, cytology, Data handling, DNA, DNA damage, DNA damages, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Epithelial Cells, Fine particulate matter, Genes, gravimetry, Health effects, health impact, human, human cell, Human lung, Humans, in vitro study, In-vitro, In-vitro tests, Inorganic ions, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, ion, Iron, Italy, Lombardy, lung, lung carcinoma, Magnesium, Manganese, Manganese compounds, Milan, Milano [Lombardy], MTT assays, Multivariant analysis, Multivariate data analysis, Nitrates, particulate matter, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Principal component analysis, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, seasonal variation, Seasons, Soil dust, Soil testing, sulfate, Sulfuric Acids, summer, Toxicity, Tumor, winter, Zinc
Abstract

Fine particulate matter (PM1 and PM2.5) was collected in Milan over the summer (August-September) and winter (January-March) seasons of 2007/2008. Particles were analyzed for their chemical composition (inorganic ions, elements and PAHs) and the effects produced on the human lung carcinoma epithelial cell line A549. In vitro tests were performed to assess cell viability with MTT assay, cytokine release (IL-6 and IL-8) with ELISA, and DNA damage with COMET assay. Results were investigated by bivariate analysis and multivariate data analysis (Principal Component Analysis, PCA) to investigate the relationship between PM chemical composition and the biological effects produced by cell exposure to 12 μg cm-2. The different seasonal chemical composition of PM showed to influence some biological properties. Summer PM samples had a high mass contribution of SO4= (13 ± 2%) and were enriched in some elements, like Al, As, Cr, Cu, and Zn, compared to winter PM samples. Cell viability reduction was two times higher for summer PM samples in comparison with winter ones (27 ± 5% and 14 ± 5%, respectively), and the highest correlation coefficients between cell viability reduction and single chemical components were with As (R2 = 0.57) and SO4= (R2 = 0.47). PM1 affected cell viability reduction and induced IL-8 release, and these events were interrelated (R2 = 0.95), and apparently connected with the same chemical compounds. PM2.5 fraction, which was enriched in Ca++ and Mg++ (from soil dust), and Al, Fe, Zn, Ba Mn, produced cell viability reduction and DNA damage (R2 = 0.73). © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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URLhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749100099&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemosphere.2009.12.071&partnerID=40&md5=a7c15de05e89207615380af34c05c665
DOI10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.071
Citation KeyPerrone20101368